The Principality of Wales is one of the four constituent nations of the United Kingdom. Wales is located in the south-west of Great Britain and is bordered by England (Lloegr) to the east, the Bristol Channel (Môr Hafren) to the south and the Irish Sea (Môr Iwerddon) to the west and north, and also by the estuary of the River Dee (Afon Dyfrdwy) in the north-east.
From the 19th Century much of Wales became heavily industrialised, supplying the British Empire and its colonies with vast quantities of coal and steel and establishing a large manufacturing base which has only recently been overtaken by the service sector. Despite lower GDP than other regions of Britain, the gap in real living standards across the whole of Wales, compared to other parts of Britain, is not as pronounced.
Two thirds of the population of Wales live in the valleys and coastal plain of the south, with a further significant population concentration in the north east. The remaining areas in Mid Wales, the south west and west are predominantly rural and characterised by hilly and mountainous terrain.
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